about BL2F
WATCH THE PROJECT VIDEO
Black Liquor To Fuel (BL2F), a Horizon 2020 project
launched in April 2020, aims to revolutionise
aviation and shipping with a clean biofuel derived
from black liquor, a pulp industry by-product. By
implementing an Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction
(IHTL) process at pulp mills, BL2F reduces carbon
emissions and creates a valuable fuel intermediate.
Refined at oil refineries, this biofuel becomes a
sustainable option for marine and aviation
industries.
Throughout its duration, BL2F has made strides
towards achieving its objectives. The project's
innovative approach not only addresses the urgent
need to combat climate change, but also promotes
sustainability and circular economy principles
within the aviation and shipping sectors. With its
strong consortium of partners and support from key
organisations, BL2F is poised to make an impact on
the future of renewable biofuels and contribute to
European leadership in climate protection.
Project figures
This BL2F project has received funding from the European Union Grant Number 884111. The content of this website reflects only the author’s view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
The content of this website reflects only the author’s view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.re-live the workshops and the summer school
THE BL2F Mid-term Workshop
Download the presentations in PDF format:
- Biofuels production at pulp mills opportunities and challenges – Alexandre Gaspar
- Identification of major trends in future biofuel demand – Adéola Jaiyeola
- State of the art of HTL – Daniele Castello
- Opportunities of HTL at pulp mills – Tero Joronen – unavailable
- Refinery co-processing alternatives towards Biofuels – Duncan Akporiaye
- Material selection for a new process – Mikko Uusitalo
- Experiments & Corrosion Tests – Daniel Blucher & Judit Sandquist
- Catalysts for renewables and sustainable fuels – Pavel Kukula
- Catalyst Development for HDO & Aqueous Phase Reforming – Juha Lehtonen
- HTL of Lignin and impact of sulfur salts – Maximilian Wörner
- Preliminary Results Salt Separation – Darius Yeadon
- Reactor design combined salt separation and HTL – Tero Joronen
The BL2f summer school
Held on the 13th and 14th of June 2023, BL2F invited all PhD students and young scientists interested in intermediates to renewable fuels to participate in the project’s Summer School. Even though the Summer School is over, you can still read up on all the content and presentations. Dive into the public versions of the presentations and delve into the latest advancements in biofuels and the foundational research on various topics presented during the summer school, including “Black liquor and IHTL,” “Biomass and pyrolysis,” “CO2 and fast pyrolysis,” “Methanol and olefins,” and “H2 economy”.
- Program slides BL2F Summerschool & Intermediates to renewable fuels – Nicolaus DAHMEN
- High Temperature Liquefaction: Status and an example of pilot demonstration – Jukka KONTTINEN
- On the fundamentals of supercritical water salt separation and concomitant HTL using black liquor – David BAUDOUIN
- Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio‐oils – Juha LEHTONEN
- Oxymethylene ethers (OME) as clean and sustainable diesel substitutes – Marius DREXLER (unavailable)
- Hydrogen economy and use for transport fuels – Jukka KONTTINEN
- Reactor concepts for synthetic natural gas production from CO2 – Mathias HELD
- Towards liquefaction of sustainable feedstock to upgraded intermediate products – Tooran KHAZRAIE
- Pyrolysis oils and their applications – Frederico FONSECA
THE BL2F Final Workshop
Download the presentations in PDF format:
- From pulp to fuel via HTL and IHTL – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Tampere University
- On coupling salt extraction from black liquor with hydrothermal liquefaction of its organic content – Paul Scherrer Institute
- Upgrading of biocrude and valorisation of side streams – VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Plant design and materials – SINTEF and SINTEF Energy Research
- Sustainability assessment – Brunel University London
- Market opportunities for advanced biofuels and IHTL – LGI Sustainable Innovation
- HTL technology for Black Liquor – lessons learned – Valmet
- Catalysts for Supercritical Hydrodeoxygenation – Ranido
- Pulp Mill's potential for Sustainable fuel generation – The Navigator Company and RAIZ – forest and paper research institute
- Renewable materials for aviation and marine fuels – Neste
Project’s deliverables and publications
- D1.1 Report on feedstock characterisation
- D1.2 Report on batch experiments with different feedstocks and evaluation of concentration profiles. Performance of on-line analytics
- D1.3 Report on continuous HTL process
- D1.4 Report on HTL-oil characterisation
- D1.5 Report on corrosion resistant alloys and recommendation
- D1.6 Process scale-up modelling tool and CFD modelling reports
- D1.7 Report on the online analysis of the HTL-oil
- D4.1 Process design and analysis for the integration of the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills
- D4.2 Scale-up, risks and costing of integrating the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills
- D4.3 Feasibility assessment of integrating the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills
- No public deliverables
BL2F publications
- Lappalainen, J., Baudouin, D., Hornung, U., Schuler, J., Melin, K., Bjelić, S., … & Joronen, T., (2020) Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin. Hydrothermal Technology in Biomass, Utilization & Conversion II, 13(13), 3309
- Wang, R.; Deplazes, R.; Vogel, F.; Baudouin, D., Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2021, 60, 4072
- M. Woerner, U. Hornung, N. Dahmen (2022), Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Black Liquor, EUBCE 2022;
- L. Pola, S. Collado, M. Woerner, U. Hornung, M. Díaz, (2023), Valorisation of the residual aqueous phase from hydrothermally liquefied black liquor by persulphate-based advanced oxidation, Chemosphere 339 (2023)
- L. Pola, S. Collado, M. Woerner, U. Hornung, Mario Díaz, (2023), Eutectic solvents for the valorisation of the aqueous phase from hydrothermally liquefied black liquor, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2023, 111040;
- Wörner, M., Barsuhn, A., Zevaco, T., Hornung, U., & Dahmen, N. (2024). From Pulp to Aromatic Products - Reaction Pathways of Lignin Depolymerization. Energy & Fuels.
- Wörner, M., Werner, L., Canabarro, N. I., Baudouin, D., Hornung, U., & Dahmen, N. (2024). The Impact of Sulfur-containing Inorganic Compounds during the Depolymerization of Lignin by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Black Liquor. Energy & Fuels.
communication resources
Project flyer
The BL2F flyer was used at conferences and events to
promote the project among potential stakeholders.
Download it here
Project Poster
The BL2F roll-up was used at conferences and events
to promote the project among potential
stakeholders.
Download it here
The BL2F Puzzle
The BL2F puzzle was a social media campaign to
promote the cycle of the project’s black liquor to
fuel process. Highlighting the different parts of
the project’s research efforts.
Download the final result here
